The Artic is a very cold place full of ice. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice, which averages at least 1.6 kilometres (1.0 mi) in thickness. Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. cold-adapted plants and animals survive there, including seals, nemattodes, Tardigrades, mites, many types of algae and other micro-organisms and Tundra vegetation.
On the other hand, Alpine climate is the average weather for a region above the tree line. The climate becomes colder at high elevation-this characteristic is described by the lapse rate of air: air tends to get colder as it rises, since it expands. The dry adiabatic lapse rate is 10 °C per km of elevation or altitude. Therefore, moving up 100 meters on a mountain is roughly equivalent to moving 80 kilometers (45 miles or 0.75° of latitude) towards the pole.[1] This relationship is only approximate, however, since local factors such as proximity to oceans can drastically modify the climate.
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